MITRAL VALVE DISEASE

MITRAL STENOSIS: MS is the disease of the mitral valve, in which there is reduction in the mitral valve area through which blood flows form left atrium to left ventricle. MS is categorized in Mild, Moderate or Severe MS, depending on the area of the valve and flow through the valve is compromised. There are many causes MS, one of the leading cause in our country (India) is Rheumatic Heart Disease(RHD). It is one of the major cause of Atrial Fibrillation (Irregular heart beats). This may cause clot formation in the heart and also distal embolism of the clot to brain or any other part of the body. 

Ref Fig.  Blausen.com staff (29 August 2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014".

MITRAL REGURGIATION: MR is the disease of the mitral valve commonly known as leaking valve, here when heart relaxed (Diastole) in cardiac cycle this valve does not close properly and this leads to a leak of the significant part of the blood in the upper chamber of the heart. There are many causes of this condition, RHD, degeneration, connective tissue disorder, coronary artery disease(Ischemic). Depending upon the severity of leak it is also divided in Mild, Moderate and Severe MR. 

Ref Fig.  Blausen.com staff (29 August 2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014".

In combined disease  both the lesions exists together . One of them could be more severe.

Dyspnea (breathlessness) on activity.

Orthopnea , breathlessness on lying down.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Irregular heart beats (AF).

Systemic embolism.

Hemoptysis.

Winter bronchitis.

Infective Endocarditis. 

The patients with mild MR may not have any symptoms. Even in severe MR , the patient may not have no or minimal symptoms for years. The patient with Severe MR may have following symptoms: chest pain, dyspnea, irregular heart beats, hemoptysis, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. 

These patients may have any symptom listed for MR and MS, depending on the severity of the lesion.